unted on to keep down the number of independent
candidacies. Already, indeed, by the end of 1822 there were a
half-dozen avowed candidates, three of whom had seats at Monroe's
Cabinet table. Each was the representative of a section or of a
distinct interest, rather than of a party, and no one was likely to
feel under any compulsion to withdraw from the race at a preliminary
stage.

New England offered John Quincy Adams. She did so with reluctance, for
the old Federalist elements had never forgiven him for his desertion
to the Republican camp in the days of the embargo, while the back
country democracy had always looked upon him as an alien. But he was
the section's only available man--indeed, the only promising candidate
from any Northern State. His frigid manner was against him. But he had
had a long and honorable diplomatic career; he was winning new
distinction as Secretary of State; and he could expect to profit both
by the feeling that the North was entitled to the presidency and by
the fact that he was the only candidate from a non-slave State.

Crawford, Secretary of the Treasury, was the heir apparent of the
Virginia dynasty. Formerly this would have meant a clear road to the
White House. Even now it was supposed to be a tremendous asset; and
notwithstanding the Georgian's personal unpopularity in most parts of
the country, his advantages as the "regular candidate," coupled with
the long and careful campaign carried on in his behalf, were expected
by many keen observers to pull him through.

A third candidate within the Cabinet circle was Calhoun, Secretary of
War. Like Crawford, he could expect to reach the presidency only by
winning the support of one or more of the greater Northern States. For
a while he had hopes of Pennsylvania. When it appeared that he had
nothing to look for in this direction, he resigned himself to the
conclusion that, since he was yet hardly forty years of age, his time
had not yet come.

For the first time, the West now put forward candidates--two of them,
Clay and Jackson. Clay was a Kentuckian, of Virginian birth and
breeding, in whom were mingled the leading characteristics of both his
native and his adopted section. He was "impetuous, wilful,
high-spirited, daring, jealous, but, withal, a lovable man." For a
decade he had been the most conspicuous figure in the national House
of Representatives. He had raised the speakership to a high level of
importance and through its power