Footnotes:

{1} Richard's place of education was Bayeaux; for, as Duke William says
in the rhymed Chronicle of Normandy,--

"Si a Roem le faz garder
E norir, gaires longement
Il ne saura parlier neiant
Daneis, kar nul n l'i parole.
Si voil qu'il seit a tele escole
Qu l'en le sache endoctriner
Que as Daneis sache parler.
Ci ne sevent riens fors Romanz
Mais a Baieux en a tanz
Qui ne sevent si Daneis non."

{2} Bernard was founder of the family of Harcourt of Nuneham.
Ferrieres, the ancestor of that of Ferrars.

{3} In the same Chronicle, William Longsword directs that,--

"Tant seit apris qu'il lise un bref
Kar ceo ne li ert pas trop gref."

{4} Hako of Norway was educated by Ethelstane of England. It was
Foulques le Bon, the contemporary Count of Anjou, who, when derided by
Louis IV. for serving in the choir of Tours, wrote the following retort:
"The Count of Anjou to the King of France. Apprenez, Monseigneur, qu'un
roi sans lettres est une ane couronne."

{5} The Banner of Normandy was a cross till William the Conqueror
adopted the lion.

{6}

"Sire, soies mon escus, soies mes defendemens."

_Histoire des Ducs de Normandie_ (MICHEL).

{7} The Cathedral was afterwards built by Richard himself.

{8} Sus le maistre autel del iglise
Li unt sa feaute juree.

{9}

Une clef d'argent unt trovee
A sun braiol estreit noee.
Tout la gent se merveillont
Que cete clef signifiont.
* * * *
Ni la cuoule e l'estamine
En aveit il en un archete,
Que disfermeront ceste clavete
De sol itant ert tresorier
Kar nul tresor n'vait plus cher.

The history of the adventures of Jumieges is literally true, as is
Martin's refusal to admit the Duke to the cloister:--

Dun ne t'a Deus mis e pose
Prince gardain de sainte iglise
E cur tenir leial justise.

{10} An attack, in which Riouf, Vicomte du Cotentin, placed Normandy in
the utmost danger. He was defeated on the banks of the Seine, in a field
still called the "Pre de Battaille," on the very day of Richard's birth;
so that the _Te Deum_ was sung at once for the victory and the birth of
the heir of Normandy.

{11} "Biaus Segnors, vees chi vo segneur, je ne le vous voel tolir, mais
je estoie venus en ceste ville, prendre consel a vous, comment je poroie
vengier la mort son pere, qui me rapiela d'Engletiere. Il me fist roi,
il me fist avoir l'amou