ards; and Father
Blas Valera states that the leaves are called _cuca_ both by Indians
and Spaniards (_The Royal Commentaries of the Yncas_, 1609-1617;
trans, by C. R. Markham, Hakluyt Soc., 1871). See also, on the name
_cuca_, Christison, _Brit. Med. Journ._, April 29, 1876, p. 527.

COCAINE, C17H21NO4, an alkaloid occurring to the extent of about 1% in
the leaves of _Erythroxylon coca_ (see above). It is associated with
many other alkaloids: cinnamyl cocaine, C19H23NO4; [alpha]-truxilline,
(C19H23NO4)2; [beta]-truxilline, (C19H23NO4)2; benzoylecgonine,
C16H19NO2; tropa-cocaine, C15H19NO2; hygrine, C8H15NO; cuscohygrine,
C13H24NO2. These substances, which may be collectively termed
"cocaines," are all derivatives of ecgonine (q.v.). Cocaine is
benzoylmethyl ecgonine. It crystallizes from alcohol in prisms, which
are sparingly soluble in water. Its solution has a bitter taste,
alkaline reaction, and is laevorotatory. Its use as a local anaesthetic
(see ANAESTHESIA) makes it the most valuable of the coca alkaloids, and
it is much used in ophthalmic practice. Applied to the conjunctiva it
causes anaesthesia, dilatation of the pupil, diminution of the
intraocular tension, and some interference with accommodation. The
conversion of the mixture obtained by extracting coca-leaves into
cocaine is effected by saponifying the esters into ecgonine and the
respective acids, and then benzoylating and methylating the ecgonine.
Homologues of cocaine--ethylbenzoylecgonine, &c.--have been prepared;
they closely resemble natural cocaine. Cinnamyl cocaine is
cinnamylmethylecgonine, i.e. cocaine in which the benzoyl group is
replaced by the cinnamyl group. [alpha]- and [beta]-truxillines, named
from their isolation from a coca of Truxillo (Peru), are two isomeric
alkaloids which hydrolyse to ecgonine, methyl alcohol, and two isomeric
acids, the truxillic acids, C18H16O4. The alkaloids are therefore methyl
truxillylecgonines. The truxillic acids have been studied by K.
Liebermann and his students (_Ber._, vols. 21-27, and 31), and are
diphenyl tetramethylene dicarboxylic acids.

COCANADA, or COCONADA, a town of British India, in the Godavari district
of Madras, on the coast in the extreme north of the Godavari delta,
about 315 m. N. of Madras. Pop. (1901) 48,096, showing an increase of
18% in the decade. As the administrative headquarters of the district,
and the chief port on the Coromandel coast after Madras,