ts greater size and strength. An interesting story of the
cave-bear is found in Stanley Waterloo's _The Story of Ab_, Chapter
XXII. Ernest Thompson Seton's "Biography of a Grizzly," in _The Century
Magazine_, Vol. LIX., pp. 27-40, will be interesting to read in this
connection.

_The Sabre-toothed Felis_ (_Machairodus latidens_). This animal has
usually been spoken of as the cave-tiger, but Professor W. Boyd Dawkins
has shown that it was no more closely allied to the tigers than to other
felines, and that "the very tempting name of 'sabre-toothed tiger' must
therefore be given up as implying a relationship that does not exist.
It differs from the genus _Felis_ in the enormous development of the
serrated upper canines, as well as the presence of a third lobe on the
sectorial edge of the upper premolar." It was a peculiarly destructive
animal, its teeth being described as "uniting the power of a saw with
that of a knife." The canine tooth of this animal is the most perfect
instrument for piercing and dividing flesh known. It belonged to the
southern group of mammalia; and, as the winters became cold, it probably
migrated each fall. Although it was never abundant it was much feared.
Remains of similar animals have been found in the United States mingled
with the bones of the mammoth.

_Living Species._ Of the living species there were present in
mid-Pleistocene times, the brown bear, the grizzly bear, the wolf, the
fox, the stag, the roe, the urus or the wild-ox, the aurochs or European
bison, the hippopotamus, the horse, the wild boar, the beaver, the water
rat, the lion, sometimes spoken of as the cave-lion and being the same
species as the _Felis leo_ of to-day, the lynx, the panther or leopard,
the wild cat, the spotted hyena, the otter, the musk sheep, and the
marmot. No animal was domesticated at this time.

_The Urus._ The urus, which is the representative of the wild cattle of
this period, is the ancestor of our long-horned cattle, and should be
distinguished from the short-horned cattle that appear in western Europe
in the prehistoric period in a domesticated state. The wild bulls were
formidable antagonists when enraged. It is thought by some that the
Chillingham cattle are descendants of the urus. The color of the urus is
not known. Some think that it was white, but others doubt that the
species would have been able to survive with such a conspicuous
covering. On account of their fear of the beasts of prey the