ds, as water does
everywhere, and the result is a bursting of the bark. That is an
occasional happening with all trees but particularly with exotics. One
kind of winter injury has been overlooked in connection with the walnut.
The very last thing which the tree does in the autumn is to complete its
buds for female flowers. That is the very last job the tree has on hand
and if the tree cannot complete the buds for female flowers perfectly,
then a very little wood killing will make that a barren tree, although
it appears to be a good strong tree. That covers the kinds of winter
injury I have seen in the vicinity of Stamford, Conn.

(Here Col. C. K. Sober of Pennsylvania showed lantern slide views of his
orchards of paragon chestnuts and his methods.)

The Chairman: We will have now Mr. Reed's address with lantern views.

A 1912 REVIEW OF THE NUT SITUATION IN THE NORTH

C. A. REED, WASHINGTON, D. C.

In taking up the question of the present status of the nut industry of
the Northern States, we have to do more with what has not been
accomplished than with what has been. Very little has been done toward
developing the northern chestnut. What has been done has been mostly
with the European species and so far that has not been very
satisfactory. The European species is quite subject to the blight. The
Japanese nut is not ordinarily of a quality equal to that of the
American. It is thought, too, that with the Japanese chestnut the
chestnut blight has been introduced, which has been so serious to our
native species. The walnut has not become well established in the
eastern states. So far, most of the European nuts that have been
imported have been too tender to adapt themselves to our climatic
conditions, and the filbert, when brought from Europe, proves quite
subject to a blight that prevails everywhere with our native species,
but with them is not so serious. In running over these slides, I will
begin first with the chestnut. That is perhaps the best known species in
this locality. That shows one of our native chestnut trees as it is
familiar to you all in a great part of this territory under discussion,
that is, the part of the United States east of the Mississippi River and
north of the Potomac. That photograph was taken some time last June or
July when the tree was in full bloom. The chestnut is one of the most
beautiful of our native nut trees. This tree has the blight in one of
the earlier stages and it is sh