s proper that _ah_ should be preferred as the
practice vowel, as soon as it was placed properly between the two
extremes, and had satisfied all demands. I prefer to teach it, because
its use makes all mistakes most clearly recognizable. It is the most
difficult vowel. If it is well pronounced, or sung, it produces the
necessary muscular contractions with a pleasing expression of the
mouth, and makes certain a fine tone color by its connection with _oo_
and _o_. If the _ah_ is equally well formed in all ranges of the
voice, a chief difficulty is mastered.

Those who have been badly taught, or have fallen into bad ways, should
practise the vocal exercise I have given above, with _ya-ye-yah_,
etc., slowly, listening to themselves carefully. Good results cannot
fail; it is an infallible means of improvement.

Italians who sing well never speak or sing the vowel sound _ah_
otherwise than mixed, and only the neglect of this mixture could have
brought about the decadence of the Italian teaching of song. In
Germany no attention is paid to it. The _ah_, as sung generally by
most Italians of the present day, quite flat, sounds commonplace,
almost like an affront. It can range itself, that is connect itself,
with no other vowel, makes all vocal connection impossible, evolves
very ugly registers; and, lying low in the throat, summons forth no
palatal resonance. The power of contraction of the muscles of speech
is insufficient, and this insufficiency misleads the singer to
constrict the throat muscles, which are not trained to the endurance
of it; thereby further progress is made impossible. In the course of
time the tone becomes flat at the transitions. The fatal tremolo is
almost always the result of this manner of singing.

Try to sing a scale upward on _ah_, placing the tongue and muscles of
speech at the same time on _[=a]_, and you will be surprised at the
agreeable effect. Even the thought of it alone is often enough,
because the tongue involuntarily takes the position of its own
accord.

I remember very well how Mme. Desiree Artot-Padilla, who had a low
mezzo-soprano voice, used to toss off great coloratura pieces,
beginning on the vowel-sound _ah_, and then going up and down on _a_,
_ee_, _aueoah_. At the time I could not understand why she did it; now
I know perfectly,--because it was easier for her. The breath is
impelled against the cavities of the head, the head tones are set into
action.

Behind the _a_ position