[** Transcriber's Note: The text below was modified to reflect the
ERRATUM above. The original ERRATUM is left in the document for
historical purposes. **]

The unity of which we believe ourselves to be now the champions must
therefore be a real thing based on freedom and realized by conscious
effort; but it must also be truly comprehensive, not exclusive of any
willing co-operator, not aimed against any one but for the whole. It is
not intended in this volume to discuss any burning questions of the day,
and therefore the briefest indications must be given of how the nucleus
of western culture has been formed and how it must reform itself after
the war. France, Germany, and England have been for many years,
collectively far the most important centres of science and social
progress in the world, and it would have been the ideal policy for them
to give a united lead to the rest of the world. The war has altered
that, but it cannot abolish the fundamental facts on which the
civilization of the West is based, science, power over nature, and
social organization. In these the same three countries will still have a
certain primacy, though the position of the United States will be
enormously strengthened. No peace can, of course, be permanent which
contemplates the excommunication of a leading member of the human
family.

Italy in science, philosophy, and literature, is a worthy colleague, and
Russia makes a great stride forward by allying herself with the forces
of progress and European unity.

Now it is clear that there are two distinct lines of approach to our
goal of a united mankind. We may cultivate for ourselves, as an ideal
based on love and reason, the notion of all men as brothers working
together, helping one another even when unknown, strengthening one
another's powers, and gradually advancing towards a higher goal. This,
though not a complete religion for most people, at least partakes of the
nature of religion. The other line is concerned with the practical task
of reconciling actual difficulties, bringing nations together for
various purposes--arbitration, international trade, boards of
conciliation and the like. This is the slow and thorny path, and on
account of its very difficulty is apt to engross the thoughts and energy
of the best brains which devote themselves to the cause. But the first
line, of self-cultivation and the promotion of a favourable spirit among
others, though open to any one and easy of