Part Two. Emancipation without Freedom

5. A Nation Divided
Black Moderates and Militants
White Liberals
Growth of Extremism

6. From Slavery to Segregation
Blue, Gray, and Black
Reconstruction and Its Failure
The New Racism

7. Racism and Democracy
Fighting Jim Crow
Making the World Safe for Democracy
Urban Riots
The Klan Revival

Part Three. The Search For Equality

8. The Crisis of Leadership
The Debate Over Means and Ends
Booker T. Washington: The Trumpet of Conciliation
W. E. B. DuBois: The Trumpet of Confrontation
Marcus Garvey: The Trumpet of Pride
A. Philip Randolph: The Trumpet of Mobilization

9. The New Negro
Immigration and Migration
Harlem: "The Promised Land"
The Negro Renaissance
Black Nationalism

10. Fighting Racism at Home and Abroad
Hard Times Again
The Second World War
The U.S. and the U.N.

11. Civil Rights and Civil Disobedience
Schools and Courts
The Civil Rights Movement

12. The Black Revolt
Civil Disorders
Black Power

Epilogue

Notes and References (omitted from electronic version)
Bibliography (omitted from electronic version)
Index (omitted from electronic version)

Preface

During the last several years, the study of American history has turned a
new direction. Previously, it emphasized how the various immigrant
groups in America shed their divergent heritages and amalgamated into a
new nationality. More recently, scholars and laymen alike have become
more sensitive to the ways in which these newcomers have kept aspects
from their past alive, and there is a new awareness of the degree to
which ethnicity continues as a force within America.

Most of the original settlers were British, Protestant, and white. Many
of the later arrivals differed from them, in one or more ways. History
books usually depicted these new waves of immigrants as assimilating
almost fully into American society. However, recent writings have put
more stress on the ethnic diversities which remain and on the rich
variety of contributions which were made to the American scene by each
new nationality.

This volume depicts the immigrants from Africa as one among the many
elements which created present-day America. On the one hand, they differ
from the other mino