t it was competent to give in evidence
such printed copies of the known published libel as were found upon the
prisoner with the endorsement "read and circulate."

Two witnesses were called, _Colclazier_ and _Tippet_, to testify to
conversations held with Crandall in the jail, in which he spoke in favor
of immediate emancipation and against slavery.

The case for the prosecution was here closed.

_Mr. Bradley_ then stated the opening of the defence. After some general
remarks upon the course taken by the prosecution, and difficulty of
getting witnesses here to testify in behalf of the prisoner, from so
great a distance, as well as the impossibility of putting in depositions
in a criminal case, without the District Attorney's consent, which he
would not give, he went on to call the attention of the jury to the
details he meant to prove. He intended to show Crandall's whole course
of life, from his boyhood up; that he was regularly educated as a
surgeon and physician, and settled in Peekskill; and that no man ever
obtained a higher character for probity and skill; that he never was a
member of an abolition society, and there was none in the place where
he lived; that he had no idea of stopping here when he came on, but came
as the attendant of an invalid family with whom he had resided; that the
pamphlets were packed up, not by him, but by the lady of the house, as
waste paper, without his even dreaming of their contents; and that the
endorsements were put on some two years ago. He would show also that he
had subscribed for temperance papers; but that the abolition papers were
sent to him without his knowledge of their contents; that after he
arrived here, and found this the best field in the world for the study
of botany, he concluded to stop and give a course of lectures, instead
of going to the West, as had been his intention previously, according to
arrangements he had made. The bundle that was given him in New York was
sent without his knowledge of their contents. It remained tied up till a
day or two before his arrest, when it was untied by Mrs. Austin; and, as
had been proved by the officers who arrested him, up to that moment they
had never been opened or even separated. He said he would show the law,
and bring it to bear upon the points of the case; and he declared if he
believed Crandall guilty of distributing or intending to distribute
incendiary papers, he would abandon his cause, and no longer consider
hims