s and so kill them. Or, they may be killed by suffocating
them with a gas or by stopping up their breathing pores with some
powdered substance, such as pyrethrum. Some insecticides, such as resin
wash, act both as a caustic application and a suffocating covering.

For convenience in referring to insects which attack the pecan, we have
grouped them as follows: (1) Insects attacking buds and leaves; (2)
Insects attacking the trunk and branches; (3) Insects attacking the
fruit.

INSECTS ATTACKING BUDS AND LEAVES.

THE BUD WORMS: At least two species of caterpillars are known
by this name. The moth of one has been called the bud-moth. The
caterpillar of the other has been called the case-worm. Prof.
Gossard writes, that he unexpectedly found adult moths of
_Proteopteryx deludana_, November 28th, 1905, and therefore
believes, from this observation and other circumstantial
evidence, that he was "mixed" regarding the autumn life-history
of these insects, as set forth in Bulletin 79 of the Florida
Experiment Station. He furnishes the following paragraph as a
summary of what he can say of the bud worms:

"The Bud Moth, _Proteopteryx deludana_, is a serious pest,
especially in young orchards. Sometimes, in such orchards, even
when large, scarcely a tree can be found during the month of
May that does not contain one or several nests. The
caterpillars are usually found singly, each with one side of a
leaf folded over it and fastened to form a tube, or sometimes
two leaves are fastened together with silken bonds and the
caterpillar feeds between them. As fast as the leaves it has
attached become brown and die, it draws fresh leaves to the
dead ones and fastens them there, thus gradually making a very
conspicuous nest. The caterpillar is full grown during the last
of May and the first of June when they transform into moths.
Their pupae cases are formed of silk and excrement, smoothly
lined with silk and snugly hidden away in a nest of leaves. In
about two weeks from the time of pupation, the moths appear.
Early specimens have sometimes been hatched from buds, only
partially expanded. They are small, about five-sixteenths of an
inch in length and five-eighths of an inch across the expanded
wings. In general color they are grayish, streaked and dotted
with blackish-brown. A ch