Military branches:
Ethiopian National Defense Force: Ground Forces, Air Force,
Mobilized Militia
note: Ethiopia is landlocked and has no navy; following the
secession of Eritrea, Ethiopian naval facilities remained in
Eritrean possession

Military manpower - military age and obligation:
18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001)

Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 15,748,632 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 8,234,442 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 760,868 (2004 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$345 million (2003)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
5.2% (2003)

Transnational Issues Ethiopia

Disputes - international:
Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 independent
boundary commission's delimitation decision, but demarcation has
been delayed, despite intense international intervention, by
Ethiopian insistence that the decision ignored "human geography,"
made technical errors in the delimitation, and incorrectly awarded
Badme - the focus of the 1998-2000 war - and other areas to Eritrea
and Eritrea's insistence on not deviating from the commission's
decision; Ethiopia maintains only an administrative line and no
international border with the Oromo region of southern Somalia and
maintains alliances with local clans in opposition to the
Transitional National Government, which lost its mandate in August
2003, in Mogadishu; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port
facilities and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; efforts to
demarcate the porous boundary with Sudan have been delayed by civil
war

Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 93,032 (Sudan), 23,578 (Somalia)
IDPs: 132,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000 and ethnic
clashes in Gambela; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces)
(2004)

Illicit drugs:
Transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia
and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine
destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for
local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia
(legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed
financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering
center

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