rom Portugal, Spain, and France, 251.

Jews, position in the Roman Empire, 12;
toleration enjoyed in Rome, 16, 309;
responsible for the first Christian persecution, 311.

Johannipolis, 153.

John III., Pope, 38.

John VIII., Pope, builds the defences of S. Paolo, 154;
defeats the Saracens off Cape Circeo, 154

John X., Pope, death and burial, 235.

Jubilee of 1350, 166.

Julian the Apostate, 355.

Jupiter, statue of, in Constantine, Algeria, 56.

Labyrinths, in church pavements, 31.

Lamps, ornamented with figure of the Good Shepherd, 18 (cut);
found in the Catacombs, 218.

Lance, Holy, story of, 243.

Laocooen, fragments found under the church of S. Pudentiana, 113.

Lateran museum, 141.

Lateran palace, its early occupation by the Church, 21.

Leo I. (the Great), 155; his tomb, 223.

Leo IV., Pope, 137.

Leo X., Pope, 93.

Leto, Pomponio, his academy, 359.

Licentius, a pupil of S. Augustine, his career, 14;
his tomb discovered, 14.

Licinianus, Calpurnius, 278.

Licinii Calpurnii, their tomb, 276;
their history, 277.

Linus, the successor of Peter and Paul, 125;
his tomb discovered, 130.

Lipsanotheca, 166.

Locanda della Gaiffa, 181.

Loretto, Santa Casa, 25.

Louis XIV., pyramid of, in Rome, 36.

Love-feasts, 42.

Lucca, Cathedral, 31.

Lucina, a Christian matron, 9.

Ludi saeculares. See _Secular games_.

Ludi Tarentini, 75.

Luke, cardinal, his tomb, 159.

Mamertine prison, 163.

Map of Rome, the author's, 163 n.

Marius, pillages the ruins of the Temple of Jupiter, 87.

Mark, Pope, 50.

Marriages, mixed, in pagan Rome, 15;
Tertullian on, 15.

Martial, Valerius, house of, 192.

Martyrs, early, 3;
their alleged stupidity, 7;
stones said to be tied to the necks of, 39, 41;
love-feasts celebrated near their tombs, 42;
their tombs decorated with flowers, 49;
their burial and tombs, 119;
scene of the first martyrdoms, 127;
churches connected with their houses, 158;
their tombs in the Catacombs, 322;
their bodies translated from suburban cemeteries to the city, 325;
bas-relief representing an execution, 339 (cut).

Mausolea. See _Tombs_.

Mellini, Pietro and Mario, 166.

Memoriae, 42.

Messalina, 277.

Meta, its signification lost, 128.

Meta di Borgo, 27.

Michael, archangel, summits of hills consecrated to, 226;
the statue on the mausoleum of Hadrian, 227, 228 (cut).

Michelangelo, his first design fo