------------+----------------

EXPENDITURES.

-----------+-----------------+---------------+----------------+
Four Years | Civil List. | Foreign | Miscellaneous. |
Ending | | Intercourse. | |
Dec. 31. | | | |
-----------+-----------------+---------------+----------------+
1812 | $2,887,197.98 | $860,281.28 | $1,619,849.12 |
1816 | 3,768,342.61 | 1,042,633.42 | 5,015,100.92 |
|-----------------+---------------+----------------+
Madison | 6,655,540.59 | 1,902,914.70 | 6,634,950.04 |
-----------+-----------------+---------------+----------------+

----------------+----------------+-------------------+----------------+
Military Dept. | Pensions. | Indian Dept. | Naval Dept. |
| | | |
| | | |
----------------+----------------+-------------------+----------------+
$19,480,722.54 | $338,023.68 | $944,848.84 | $10,006,934.54 |
70,809,210.90 | 435,614.48 | 1,140,015.30 | 26,326,169.25 |
----------------+----------------+-------------------+----------------+
90,289,933.44 | 773,638.16 | 2,084,864.14 | 36,333,103.79 |
----------------+----------------+-------------------+----------------+

----------------+----------------
Public Debt. | Total.
|
|
----------------+----------------
$26,920,285.12 | $63,058,143.10
56,508,652.66 | 165,045,739.54
----------------+----------------
83,428,937.78 | 228,103,882.64
----------------+----------------

* * * * *

_Revenue_

_L'Etat c'est moi_ was the autocratic maxim of Louis Quatorze. An
adherence to it cost the Bourbons their throne. Burke was more
philosophical when he said, "The revenue of the State is the State." Its
imposition, its collection, and its application involve all the
principles and all the powers of government, constitutional or
extraordinary. It is the sole foundation of public credit, the sole
support of the body politic, its life-blood in peace, its nerve in war.
The "purse and the sword" are respectively the resource and defense of
government and peoples, and they are interdependent powers. With the
discovery of the sources of revenue, and the establish