on and emigration--Preventive checks to increase of
population--Religious celibacy--Polyandry--Marauding tendencies in
mountaineers--Historical consequences of mountain raiding--Conquest of
mountain regions--Political dismemberment of mountain peoples--Types of
mountain states--Significance of their small size--Mountain isolation
and differentiation--Survival of primitive races in mountains--Diversity
of peoples and dialects--Constriction of mountain areas of ethnic
survival--Isolation and retardation of mountain regions--Mental and
moral qualities of mountain people.

CHAPTER XVII. THE INFLUENCES OF CLIMATE UPON MAN

Importance of climatic influences--Climate in the interplay of
geographic factors--Its direct and indirect effects--Climate determines
the habitable area of the earth--Effect of climate upon relief and hence
upon man--Man's adaptability to climatic extremes--Temperature as
modified by oceans and winds--Rainfall--Temperature and zonal
location--Mutual reactions of contrasted zones--Isothermal lines in
anthropo-geography--Historical effects of compressed
isotherms--Historical effects of slight climatic differences--Their
influence upon distribution of immigration--Temperature and race
temperament--Complexity of this problem--Monotonous climatic
conditions--Effects of Arctic cold--Effect of monotonous heat--The
tropics as goals of migration--The problem of
acclimatization--Historical importance of the temperate zone--Contrast
of the seasons--Duration of the seasons--Effect of long winters and long
summers--Zones of culture--Temperate zone as cradle of civilization

INDEX

LIST OF MAPS.

DENSITY OF POPULATION IN THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE 8
DENSITY OF POPULATION IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE 9
POWELL'S MAP OF INDIAN LINGUISTIC STOCKS 54
PRIMITIVE INDIAN STOCKS OF SOUTH AMERICA 101
ETHNOGRAPHICAL MAP OF INDIA 102
ETHNOGRAPHICAL MAP OF ASIA 103
ETHNOGRAPHICAL MAP OF AFRICA 105
DISTRIBUTION OF WILD AND CIVILIZED TRIBES IN THE PHILIPPINES 147
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN THE PROVINCE OF FINMARKEN 153
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1800 156
THE SLAV-GERMAN BOUNDARY IN EUROPE 223
ETHNOGRAPHICAL MAP OF RUSSIA 225
THE GERMAN NORTH SEA COAST