ontinue to use them. Benedict XIV observes that the practice of the
Latin church on these days is intended to preserve the remembrance of
the ancient custom. It is also evidently intended, like the reversed
arms of the soldiers, as a sign of mourning for the death of Christ.
This silence of the bells is prescribed in the ancient rituals:
mystical interpreters assign as a reason, that they signify Christ's
preachers and apostles, who were silent during the sufferings of their
Master.]

[Footnote 64: S. Greg. Turon. De mirac. S. Martini "oblatis super
altare sacris muneribus, mysterioque Corporis et Sanguinis Christi
palla ex more cooperto.", Vid. Bona. Lib. II, c. 13. not. 12.]

[Footnote 65: This mass is found in the Antiphonary and Sacramentary
of Pope Gregory the great; in all churches but the Roman, as Marlene
observes, vespers were joined with the mass on this day, as they are
on holy Saturday throughout the Latin church. On holy-thursday the
Pope used generally to preach after the gospel, and in the mean time
the Cardinals stripped the altar: after the sermon the Pope blessed
the people as usual, and then began the _Credo_, according to
Benedict, Canon of S. Peter's. His Holiness drank on this day directly
from the chalice, and did not use the golden reed or _fistola_, as on
other occasions; this we learn from the Apamean Pontifical.]

[Footnote 66: This chapel was erected by Paul III according to the
design of Antonio Sangallo. Its two large frescoes are the last
efforts of the genius of Michelangelo, then aged 75 years: they
represent the crucifixion of S. Peter and the conversion of S. Paul.
The fall of Simon Magus, and the baptism conferred by S. Peter,
painted on the righthand-wall are works of Federico Zuccheri; on the
opposite side S. Paul at Malta, and restoring the young man, who had
fallen from a window, are by Lorenzo Sabbatino da Bologna, the ceiling
was painted by Federico Zuccheri. The B. Sacrament is publicly and
solemnly exposed in this chapel for the adoration of the faithful on
the first Sunday of Advent as well as on holy-thursday See Chaltard;
_Descriz. del Vaticano_ Taja, _Palazzo Vaticano_.]

[Footnote 67: S. John Chrysostom established processions at
Constantinople in opposition to those of the Arians; and the empress
Eudoxia supplied the people with silver crosses and wax lights, to be
carried on such occasions. Socrat. Hist. Eccl. lib. VI, c. 8, Sozomen
lib. VIII, c. 8. Processions were