who dwell in the two cold Zones, for as the
Sunne never goes downe to them after he is once vp, but alwaies
round about, so doe their shadowes.

4 The fourth distinction is by the scituation of the Inhabitants
of the Earth, compared on with another: who are called either.

1 Perioeci ([Greek: perioichoi]) such as dwell round
about the Earth in one and the same paralell, as for
example vnder the Tropicke of Cancer.

2 Antoeci ([Greek: antoichoi]) such as dwell opposite to
the former in another Paralell of the same distance
from the AEquator. As those vnder the Tropicke of
Capricorne.

3 Antipodes ([Greek: antipodes]) who dwell iust vnder vs
theire feete opposite to ours.

5 The fifth distinction is of the Length and Breadth of the Earth
and places vpon it: these may bee considered two wayes

1 Absolutely, and so the
{ Longitude or Length of the Earth is its Circuit, and
{ Extension from East to west,
{
{ Latitude or breadth of it, is the whole Circuit and
{ Compasse of it from North to South.

2 Comparatiuely: comparinge one places scituation with
another, and so the
{ Longitud of a place, is the distance of it from the
{ first Meridian going through the Canary Ilands,
{ Eastward. Whereby wee know how farre one place lies
{ East or West from another.
{
{ Latitude of a place, is the distance of it from the
{ AEquator towards the North or South. Whereby wee know
{ how farre one Place lies Northward, or Southward of
{ another.

The Longitude must bee reckoned by the degrees of the AEquator,
the Latitude by the degrees of the Meridian.

For example, in these two Haemisphaeres, the longitude of the whole
earth is from (_C_) to (_A_) and (_B_) in the AEquator. The
latitud is from (_N_) to (_S_), and from (_Q_) to (_P_) the North
and South poles, and this reckoned in any meridian. The first
meridian is (_ANBS_) which goes by the Canary Ilands, the
AEquinoctiall is (_ABCA_). Now I haue a Citty giuen so. (_D_) I
would know in what longitude and latitude it is. For the
longitude I consider what meridian passeth through it, which is
the meridian (_NDS_) which crosseth the AEquinoctiall in (_I_) at
15 degrees, wherefore I say that (_D_) stands Eastward from the
first Meridian 15 degrees. So I finde that the Citty (_E_) is 150
degrees Eastward, (_G_) 195, and (_F_) 345.