Analects, those of this work are headed by two or three words at or
near the commencement of them. Each Book is divided into two parts.
This arrangement was made by Chaou K[']e, and to him are due also the
divisions into chapters, and sentences, or paragraphs, containing, it
may be, many sentences.]

[Footnote 36: Seang was the son of King Hwuy. The first year of his
reign is supposed to be B.C. 317. Seang's name was Hih. As a
posthumous epithet, Seang has various meanings: "Land-enlarger and
Virtuous"; "Successful in Arms." The interview here recorded seems to
have taken place immediately after Hih's accession, and Mencius, it is
said, was so disappointed by it that he soon after left the country.]

[_Books II, III, and IV are omitted_]

BOOK V

_Wan Chang_[37]

PART I

Wan Chang asked Mencius, saying, "When Shun went into the fields, he
cried out and wept towards the pitying heavens. Why did he cry out and
weep?" Mencius replied, "He was dissatisfied and full of earnest
desire."

Wan Chang said, "When his parents love him, a son rejoices and forgets
them not; and when they hate him, though they punish him, he does not
allow himself to be dissatisfied. Was Shun then dissatisfied with his
parents?" Mencius said, "Ch[']ang Seih asked Kung-ming Kaou, saying,
'As to Shun's going into the fields, I have received your
instructions; but I do not understand about his weeping and crying out
to the pitying heavens, and to his parents.' Kung-ming Kaou answered
him, 'You do not understand that matter.' Now Kung-ming Kaou thought
that the heart of a filial son like Shun could not be so free from
sorrow as Seih seemed to imagine he might have been. Shun would be
saying, 'I exert my strength to cultivate the fields, but I am thereby
only discharging my duty as a son. What is there wrong in me that my
parents do not love me?'

"The emperor caused his own children--nine sons and two daughters--the
various officers, oxen and sheep, store-houses and granaries, all to
be prepared for the service of Shun amid the channeled fields. Most of
the officers in the empire repaired to him. The emperor designed that
he should superintend the empire along with himself, and then to
transfer it to him. But because his parents were not in accord with
him, he felt like a poor man who has nowhere to turn to.

"To be an object of complacency to the officers of the empire is what
men desire; but it was not sufficient to remove th