Garrya elliptica.
Grevillea rosmarinifolia, G. sulphurea.
Griselinia littoralis.
Hydrangea Hortensia.
Laurus nobilis (Sweet Bay).
Myrtus communis (Myrtle).
Pittosporum crassifolium.
Rhamnus Alaternus and varieties.
Veronicas of sorts.
Viburnum Tinus (Laurustinus).

CHAPTER XV

TREES AND SHRUBS FOR WIND-SWEPT GARDENS

Few trees and shrubs are happy in bleak and exposed gardens. The
hardiest should be used to form a shelter belt, as every leaf and twig
helps to break the force of the wind, whereas solid obstacles, such as
walls, merely serve to divert its course. In planting spots much exposed
to the wind, put the trees much closer than it is intended they should
remain permanently, as the young plants serve to shelter one another,
and encourage, therefore, a quicker growth. When they get crowded,
gradually thin them out. The trees and shrubs should always come from
exposed nurseries, as the growth is stout and sturdy. Growth made in
warm valleys is more sappy. The following trees and shrubs can be
depended upon in most windy places:--

TREES

Acer platanoides (Norway Maple) and Acer Pseudo-platanus (Sycamore).
While not equal to some of the trees mentioned, these Maples do
well in many places and form a distinct feature.

Betula alba (Common Birch). An extremely graceful tree and a universal
favourite.

Crataegus Oxyacantha (Hawthorn). The principal effect of exposure is
to make the growth more stunted than would otherwise be the case.

Fagus sylvatica (Beech). Long recognised as a good shelter tree, its
value in this respect is increased by the fact that many leaves
often shrivel on the branches instead of dropping, thus giving
additional protection in winter.

Fraxinus Excelsior (Ash). The wide-spreading roots of this anchor it
securely in position, and the leaves do not weigh down the branches
to any great extent.

Ilex Aquifolium (Holly). Though of slow growth when young, this, when
once established, grows away freely and is indifferent to wind.

Larix europaea (Larch). This is well known as a nurse tree for bleak
places.

Picea (Abies) excelsa (Norway Spruce). One of our commonest Conifers,
hence it is often used as a nurse tree for choicer subjects.

Pinus austriaca (Austrian Fir). The best of all evergreens for bleak
places; Pinus Cembra (Swiss Stone Pine), of slow growth, but very
ornamental, and does not mind the wind.

P