milieu of the modern world, that of
Victorian England. In spite of these defects, which are those of masters
such as Rabelais, Hugo and Tolstoy, the work of Dickens is more and more
instinctively felt to be true, original and ennobling. It is already
beginning to undergo a process of automatic sifting, segregation and
crystallization, at the conclusion of which it will probably occupy a
larger segment in the literary consciousness of the English-spoken race
than ever before.

Portraits of Dickens, from the gay and alert "Boz" of Samuel Lawrence,
and the self-conscious, rather foppish portrait by Maclise which served
as frontispiece to _Nicholas Nickleby_, to the sketch of him as Bobadil
by C. R. Leslie, the Drummond and Ary Scheffer portraits of middle age
and the haggard and drawn representations of him from photographs after
his shattering experiences as a public entertainer from 1856 (the year
of his separation from his wife) onwards, are reproduced in Kitton, in
Forster and Gissing and in the other biographies. Sketches are also
given in most of the books of his successive dwelling places at Ordnance
Terrace and 18 St Mary's Place, Chatham; Bayham Street, Camden Town; 15
Furnival's Inn; 48 Doughty Street; 1 Devonshire Terrace, Regent's Park;
Tavistock House, Tavistock Square; and Gad's Hill Place. The manuscripts
of all the novels, with the exception of the _Tale of Two Cities_ and
_Edwin Drood_, were given to Forster, and are now preserved in the Dyce
and Forster Museum at South Kensington. The work of Dickens was a prize
for which publishers naturally contended both before and after his
death. The first collective edition of his works was begun in April
1847, and their number is now very great. The most complete is still
that of Messrs Chapman & Hall, the original publishers of _Pickwick_;
others of special interest are the Harrap edition, originally edited by
F. G. Kitton; Macmillan's edition with original illustrations and
introduction by Charles Dickens the younger; and the edition in the
World's Classics with introductions by G.K. Chesterton. Of the
translations the best known is that done into French by Lorain, Pichot
and others, with B.H. Gausseron's excellent _Pages Choisies_ (1903).

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--During his lifetime Dickens's biographer was clearly
indicated in his guide, philosopher and friend, John Forster, who had
known the novelist intimately since the days of his first triumph with
_Pickwi