ping trade, and the
manufacture of cloth, paper and cutlery. In the vicinity is the
Karolinen canal, which cuts off a bend in the Danube between Lauingen
and Dillingen. In 1488 Dillingen became the residence of the bishops of
Augsburg; was taken by the Swedes in 1632 and 1648, by the Austrians in
1702, and on the 17th of June 1800 by the French. In 1803 it passed to
Bavaria.

DILLMANN, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1823-1894), German orientalist and
biblical scholar, the son of a Wurttemberg schoolmaster, was born at
Illingen on the 25th of April 1823. He was educated at Tubingen, where
he became a pupil and friend of Heinrich Ewald, and studied under F. C.
Baur, though he did not join the new Tubingen school. For a short time
he worked as pastor at Gersheim, near his native place, but he soon came
to feel that his studies demanded his whole time. He devoted himself to
the study of Ethiopic MSS. in the libraries of Paris, London and Oxford,
and this work caused a revival of Ethiopic study in the 19th century. In
1847 and 1848 he prepared catalogues of the Ethiopic MSS. in the British
Museum and the Bodleian library at Oxford. He then set to work upon an
edition of the Ethiopic bible. Returning to Tubingen in 1848, in 1853 he
was appointed professor extraordinarius. Subsequently he became
professor of philosophy at Kiel (1854), and of theology at Giessen
(1864) and Berlin (1869). He died on the 4th of July 1894.

In 1851 he had published the _Book of Enoch_ in Ethiopian (German,
1853), and at Kiel he completed the first part of the Ethiopic bible,
_Octateuchus Aethiopicus_ (1853-1855). In 1857 appeared his _Grammatik
der athiopischen Sprache_ (2nd ed. by C. Bezold, 1899); in 1859 the
_Book of Jubilees_; in 1861 and 1871 another part of the Ethiopic bible,
_Libri Regum_; in 1865 his great _Lexicon linguae aethiopicae_; in 1866
his _Chrestomathia aethiopica_. Always a theologian at heart, however,
he returned to theology in 1864. His Giessen lectures were published
under the titles, _Ursprung der alttestamentlichen Religion_ (1865) and
_Die Propheten des alten Bundes nach ihrer politischen Wirksamkeit_
(1868). In 1869 appeared his _Commentar zum Hiob_ (4th ed. 1891) which
stamped him as one of the foremost Old Testament exegetes. His renown as
a theologian, however, was mainly founded by the series of commentaries,
based on those of August Wilhelm Knobels' _Genesis_ (Leipzig, 1875; 6th
ed. 1892; Eng. trans, by W. B. S