of the church in the Graeco-Roman world,
1101: Philosophy produced no church, 1102-1105; True
churches produced by Buddhism and Jainism, 1106, 1107; not
by Judaism and Mazdaism, 1108, 1109; Development of the
Christian idea of the church, 1110-1112; A church called
forth by the cult of Mithra, 1113; not by that of Isis or
that of Sarapis, 1114; The Manichaean church, 1115; As to
Islam and certain associations that have arisen within it
(Mahdism, Drusism, etc.), 1116; Ecclesiastical power of the
Peruvian Inca, 1117; Hindu and Persian movements, 1118-1120.

MONACHISM. Its dualistic root, 1121; India its birthplace,
1122; Trace in Egypt (the Sarapeum), 1123; Therapeutae,
1124; Essenes, 1125; Christian monachism, 1126; Religious
influence of monachism, 1127.

SACRED BOOKS. Their origin and collection, 1128; Canons:
Buddhist, 1129; Jewish, 1130; Christian, 1131; Mazdean,
1132; Islamic, 1133; Religious influence of sacred books,
1134-1136; General influence of churches, 1137-1140.

UNIVERSAL RELIGIONS. Actual diffusion the test of
universality, 1141; As to Buddhism, 1142; Judaism, 1143;
Christianity, 1144; Zoroastrianism, 1145; Islam, 1146; So
tested no existing religion is universal, 1147.

CLASSIFICATION OF RELIGIONS. Their resemblances and
differences, 1148; Points in common, 1149; Proposed systems
of classification, and objections to them: according to
grade of general culture, 1150; division into national
religions and those founded each by a single person, 1151;
religions of redemption, 1151; Religious unity, savage and
civilized, 1152; Disadvantages of tabulated classifications
of religions, 1153.

CHAPTER XI. SCIENTIFIC AND ETHICAL ELEMENTS IN RELIGIOUS
SYSTEMS 573

Spheres of religion, science and constructive ethics
distinct, but tend to coalesce, 1154.

THE SCIENTIFIC ELEMENT. When science clashes with religion,
1155: Phases in the relation between the two: when there is
no knowledge of natural law--a crude conception of unity--no
place for the miraculous, 1156; Rise of highly personalized
deities who stand outside the world: age of miracles, 1157;
Recognition of the domination of natural law--separation
between science and religion, 1158; Higher conception of the
unity of God and the world, 1159; Scientific theories held
to be not a part of the content of relig