an ten; in which board, lodging, and instruction are all included.

The chief magistrate resident in the university, answering to our vice-
chancellor, and to the _rector magnificus_ on the continent, had commonly
the title of Lord Rector; but being addressed only as Mr. Rector in an
inauguratory speech by the present chancellor, he has fallen from his
former dignity of style. Lordship was very liberally annexed by our
ancestors to any station or character of dignity: They said, the Lord
General, and Lord Ambassador; so we still say, my Lord, to the judge upon
the circuit, and yet retain in our Liturgy the Lords of the Council.

In walking among the ruins of religious buildings, we came to two vaults
over which had formerly stood the house of the sub-prior. One of the
vaults was inhabited by an old woman, who claimed the right of abode
there, as the widow of a man whose ancestors had possessed the same
gloomy mansion for no less than four generations. The right, however it
began, was considered as established by legal prescription, and the old
woman lives undisturbed. She thinks however that she has a claim to
something more than sufferance; for as her husband's name was Bruce, she
is allied to royalty, and told Mr. Boswell that when there were persons
of quality in the place, she was distinguished by some notice; that
indeed she is now neglected, but she spins a thread, has the company of
her cat, and is troublesome to nobody.

Having now seen whatever this ancient city offered to our curiosity, we
left it with good wishes, having reason to be highly pleased with the
attention that was paid us. But whoever surveys the world must see many
things that give him pain. The kindness of the professors did not
contribute to abate the uneasy remembrance of an university declining, a
college alienated, and a church profaned and hastening to the ground.

St. Andrews indeed has formerly suffered more atrocious ravages and more
extensive destruction, but recent evils affect with greater force. We
were reconciled to the sight of archiepiscopal ruins. The distance of a
calamity from the present time seems to preclude the mind from contact or
sympathy. Events long past are barely known; they are not considered. We
read with as little emotion the violence of Knox and his followers, as
the irruptions of Alaric and the Goths. Had the university been
destroyed two centuries ago, we should not have regretted it; but to see
it