tural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor
quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone

Land use:
arable land: 27.87%
permanent crops: 0.87%
other: 71.26% (2001)

Irrigated land:
180,000 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:
frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and
west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)

Environment - current issues:
water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and
agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a
majority of the population does not have access to potable water;
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Geography - note:
controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes
between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent

People Pakistan

Population:
162,419,946 (July 2005 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 39.6% (male 33,104,311/female 31,244,297)
15-64 years: 56.3% (male 46,759,333/female 44,685,828)
65 years and over: 4.1% (male 3,189,122/female 3,437,055) (2005 est.)

Median age:
total: 19.58 years
male: 19.44 years
female: 19.74 years (2005 est.)

Population growth rate:
2.03% (2005 est.)

Birth rate:
30.42 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Death rate:
8.45 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Net migration rate:
-1.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female
total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
total: 72.44 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 72.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 72.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 63 years
male: 62.04 years
female: 64.01 years (2005 est.)

Total fertility rate:
4.14 children born/woman (2005 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
74,000 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
4,900 (2003 est.)

Major infectious dise