Railways:
total: 958 km
broad gauge: 958 km 1.520-m/1.524-m gauge (132 km electrified) (2004)

Highways:
total: 55,944 km
paved: 13,874 km (including 99 km of expressways)
unpaved: 42,070 km (2002)

Waterways:
500 km (2003)

Pipelines:
gas 859 km (2004)

Ports and harbors:
Kopli, Kuivastu, Muuga, Tallinn, Virtsu

Merchant marine:
total: 43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 212,998 GRT/177,488 DWT
by type: cargo 17, passenger/cargo 20, petroleum tanker 2, roll
on/roll off 4
foreign-owned: 6 (Norway 6)
registered in other countries: 51 (2005)

Airports:
29 (2004 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
total: 14
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)

Military Estonia

Military branches:
Estonian Defense Forces: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force and Air
Defense Staff, Republic Security Forces (internal and border
troops), Volunteer Defense League (Kaitseliit), Maritime Border
Guard, Coast Guard
note: Border Guards and Ministry of Internal Affairs become part of
the Estonian Defense Forces in wartime; the Coast Guard is
subordinate to the Ministry of Defense in peacetime and the Estonian
Navy in wartime

Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for compulsory military service, with 11-month
service obligation; Estonia has committed to retaining conscription
for men and women up to 2010; 17 years of age for volunteers (2004)

Manpower available for military service:
males age 18-49: 291,696 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:
males age 18-49: 200,382 (2005 est.)
: note - in 2004, 51% of the young men called up for service were
determined to be unfit; main obstacles to conscription were
psychiatric and behavioral

Manpower reaching military service age annually:
males: 11,146 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$155 million (2002 est.)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
2% (2002 est.)

Transnational Issues Estonia

Disputes - international:
in 1996, the Estonia-Russia technical border agreement was
initialed but both states have been hesitant to sign and ratify it,
with Russia asserting that Estonia needs to better assimilate
Russian-speakers