ting) to be placed close behind the infantry in Attack and
Defence. It is, however, obvious that the closest support can be given
by the guns that are weakest in shell-power, on account of the
superiority in mobility possessed by the lighter guns.

In Modern Warfare a great proportion of the work of artillery is
carried out, of necessity, in the hours of darkness, owing to the
frequency of movement by night to avoid aerial observation, and to the
consequent use of indirect artillery fire to inflict losses during such
movements. The artillery personnel therefore requires to be relieved
with greater frequency than in the days before the use of aircraft.

The growth of artillery during the war was symbolical of the continual
changes in the methods of warfare, its numbers and power increasing out
of all proportion to the experience of previous wars. "The 486 pieces
of light and medium artillery with which we took the field in August,
1914, were represented at the date of the Armistice by 6,437 guns and
howitzers of all natures, including pieces of the heaviest calibre"
(Sir D. Haig's Dispatches). "From the commencement of our offensive in
August, 1918, to the conclusion of the Armistice some 700,000 tons of
artillery ammunition were expended by the British Armies on the Western
Front. For the fortnight from August 21 to September 3, our daily
average expenditure exceeded {170} 11,000 tons, while for the three
days of the crucial battle on September 27, 28, and 29 (_Second Battle
of Cambrai_) nearly 65,000 tons of ammunition were fired by our
artillery" (Sir D. Haig's Dispatches).

In the Table of Artillery Ranges on p. 173, the effective ranges of
light artillery firing H.E. shell are based on the use of No. 106 fuse.
"The invention of a new fuse known as '106,' which was first used at
the _Battle of Arras_ (April 9-June 7, 1917), enabled wire
entanglements to be easily and quickly destroyed, and so modified our
methods of attacking organised positions. By bursting the shell the
instant it touched the ground, and before it had become buried, the
destructive effect of the explosion was greatly increased. It became
possible to cut wire with a far less expenditure of time and
ammunition, and the factor of surprise was given a larger part in
operations" (Sir D. Haig's Dispatches).

Artillery is classed under the designations Light, Medium, Heavy, and
Super-Heavy.

LIGHT GUNS.--_Pack Guns_, with a calibre of 2.75 inc