l rights
guaranteed, and abuses remedied. 9-11. Treatment of debtorrs
alleviated. 12. "No scutage or aid [except the three customary feudal
aids] shall be imposed in our kingdom, unless by the Common Council of
the realm."[1] 13. London, and all towns, to have their ancient
liberties. 14. The King binds himself to summon the Common Council of
the realm respecting the assessing of an aid (except as provided in
12) or a scutage.[1] 15, 16. Guarantee of feudal rights to tenants.
17-19. Provisions respecting holding certain courts. 20, 21. Of
amercements. They are to be proportionate to the offence, and imposed
according to the oath of honest men in the neighborhood. No
amercement to touch the necessary means of subsistence of a free man,
the merchandise of a merchant, or the agricultural tools of a villein;
earls and barons to be amerced by their equals. 23-34. Miscellaneous,
minor articles. 35. Weights and measures to be uniform. 36. Nothing
shall be given or taken, for the future, for the Writ of Inquisition
of life or limb, but it shall be freely granted, and not denied.[2]
37, 38. Provisions respecting land-tenure and trials at law. 39. "NO
FREEMAN SHALL BE TAKEN OR IMPRISONED, OR DISSEIZED, OR OUTLAWED, OR
BANISHED, OR ANY WAYS DESTROYED, NOR WILL WE PASS UPON HIM, NOR WILL
WE SEND UPON HIM, UNLESS BY THE LAWFUL JUDGMENT OF HIS PEERS, OR BY
THE LAW OF THE LAND." 40. "WE WILL SELL TO NO MAN, WE WILL NOT DENY TO
ANY MAN, EITHER JUSTICE OR RIGHT." 41, 42. Provisions respecting
merchants, and freedom of entering and quitting the realm, except in
war time. 43-46. Minor provisions. 47, 48. Provisions disafforesting
all forests seized by John, and guaranteeing forest rights to
subjects. 49-60. Various minor provisions. 62. Provision for
carrying out the charter by the barons in case the King fails in the
performance of his agreement. 63. The freedom of the Church
reaffirmed. Every one in the kingdom to have and hold his liberties
and rights.

"Given under our hand, in the presence of the witnesses above named,
and many others, in the meadow called Runnymede between Windsor and
Stains, the 15th day of June, in the 17th of our reign." [Here is
appended the King's seal.]

[1] These important articles were omitted when Magna Carta was
reissued in 1216 by Henry III. Stubbs says they were never restored:
but Edward I, in his Confirmation of the Charters, seems to reaffirm
them. See the Confirmation; see also G