a group of three, the next being Aberythven,
three miles east of Kinkell, dedicated to S. Cathan; and Auchterarder,
one mile south of Aberuthven, dedicated to S. Makessock. These three
churches, along with Strageath and Madderty, have this in common at a
later date--viz., 1200 A.D., that they were granted by Earl Gilbert of
Strathearn and his Countess Matildis, as endowment to the newly-founded
Abbey of Inchaffray. A few years later the Church of S. Bean of Foulis
and the Church of the Holy Trinity of Gasc were added to the same
endowment. Although now desolate, and appearing as a pendicle to an
adjacent farm-steading, the old Kirk of Kinkell occupies a beautiful site
in the valley, on a knoll, close by the river, and the kirkyard is still
occasionally used. S. Bean, who was bishop and confessor, died about
920, and his day in the Kalendar is 26th October. He was uncle of S.
Cadroe, who was taught at Armagh, and whose mission in Scotland marks the
origin of the Culdees, strictly so-called, as is traced in Skene's Celtic
Scotland, II., 346, in connection with Kinkell and Abernethy.

Particularly interesting is the Church of Aberuthven, now in the parish
of Auchterarder. The eastern end of the building is evidently of extreme
antiquity, with two narrow windows, between which would stand the altar,
probably of stone. The dedication was to S. Cathan or Cattanus, bishop,
May 17, 710. Cathan was uncle of S. Blain, of Bute, whom he ordained and
consecrated bishop. Cathan is most closely associated with Bute, his
original chapel having been on the south side of Kilchattan Bay. Cattan,
the Pict, planted a church in Gigha, then went to Colonsay, which has
another S. Cattan's, and to Iona, and settled at Scarinche, in Lewis,
where his remains were preserved, and where, after Bannockburn (1314), a
church was built and dedicated to S. Cattan, and affiliated to
Inchaffray. There was also a Clan Chattan. (See Hewison's Bute, I.,
136-8.)

Kessog, Kessogus, or Makessock, was born at Cashel, the capital of
Munster, of the line of the Kings of Ireland, and miracles are attributed
to his early years. He is depicted with bow and arrow as patron of the
warriors of Leven and patron saint of Cumbrae. He lived as hermit in the
island of Inch-ta-vanach, in Loch Lomond, and was martyred at Luss, where
a cairn, Cam Machaisog, remained till 1796. (Anderson's Early Christian
Times, I., 212). His day is 10th March, and the date of ma