more inclined to chrome than emerald. This is an extremely rare
stone in fine colour, though cloudy and imperfect specimens are often
met with, but seldom are large stones found without flaws and of the
pure colour, which rivals that of the emerald in beauty.

The fourth variety (D) is the lime-alumina garnet, its formula
being--6CaO,3SiO_{2} + 2Al_{2}O_{3},3SiO_{2}. Like the others, it has a
number of sub-varieties, the chief being the "cinnamon stone," which is
one of great beauty and value when perfect. This stone is almost always
transparent when pure, which property is usually taken as one of the
tests of its value, for the slightest admixture or presence of other
substances cloud it, probably to opacity, in accordance with the
quantity of impurity existent. This variety is composed of the oxides of
aluminium and silicon with lime. In colour it ranges from a beautiful
yellowish-orange deepening towards the red to a pure and beautiful red.

"Romanzovite" is another beautiful variety, the colour of which ranges
through browns to black. Another important variety is the "succinite,"
which gets up well and is a favourite with jewellers because of its
beautiful, amber-like colour, without possessing any of the drawbacks of
amber.

(E) The magnesia-alumina garnet--6MgO,3SiO_{2} +
2Al_{2}O_{3},3SiO_{2}--is somewhat rare, the most frequently found being
of a strong crimson colour and transparent. This variety is called
"pyrope," the deeper and richer tints being designated "carbuncle," from
the Latin _carbunculus_, a little coal, because when this beautiful
variety of the "noble" garnet is held up between the eyes and the sun,
it is no longer a deep, blood-red, but has exactly the appearance of a
small piece of live or glowing coal, the scarlet portion of its
colour-mixture being particularly evident. The ancient Greeks called it
anthrax, which name is sometimes used in medicine to-day with reference
to the severe boil-like inflammation which, from its burning and
redness, is called a carbuncle, though it is more usual to apply the
word "anthrax" to the malignant cattle-disease which is occasionally
passed on to man by means of wool, hair, blood-clots, etc., etc., and
almost always ends fatally. A great deal of mystery and superstition has
always existed in connexion with this stone--the invisibility of the
bearer of the egg-carbuncle laid by a goldfinch, for instance.

(F) The manganese-alumina garnet--6MnO,3SiO_{2} +