he believed, was I.'
Lord John, however, we may be sure was the last man not to know how many
another element, besides agreement in opinion, decides relations of
party. Personal sympathies and antipathies, hosts of indirect affinities
having apparently little to do with the main trunk of the school or the
faction, hosts of motives only half disclosed, or not disclosed at all
even to him in whom they are at work--all these intrude in the
composition and management of parties whether religious or political.

Grave discussions turned on new nicknames. The tories had greatly gained
by calling themselves conservatives after 1832. The name of whig had
some associations that were only less unpopular in the country than the
name of tory. It was pointed out that many people would on no account
join the whigs, who yet would join a government of which Russells,
Greys, Howards, Cavendishes, Villierses, were members. On the other hand
Graham declared that Paley's maxim about religion was just as true in
politics--that men often change their creed, but not so often the name
of their sect. And as to the suggestion, constantly made at all times in
our politics for the benefit of waverers, of the name of
liberal-conservative, Lord John caustically observed that whig has the
convenience of expressing in one syllable what liberal-conservative
expresses in seven, and whiggism in two syllables what conservative
progress expresses in six.

MR. GLADSTONE AND HIS GROUP

Connected with all this arose a geographical question--in what quarter
of the House were the Peelites to sit? Hitherto the two wings of the
broken tory party, protectionist and Peelite, had sat together on the
opposition benches. The change of administration in 1852 sent the
protectionists over to the Speaker's right, and brought the whigs to the
natural place of opposition on his left. The Peelite leaders therefore
had no other choice than to take their seats below the gangway, but on
which side? Such a question is always graver than to the heedless
outsider it may seem, and the Peelite discussions upon it were both
copious and vehement.[268] Graham at once resolved on sharing the front
opposition bench with the whigs: he repeated that his own case was
different from the others, because he had once been a whig himself.
Herbert, who acted pretty strictly with Mr. Gladstone all this year,
argued that they only held aloof from the new ministers on one ques