ral doctrines as to free
institutions and popular government must have quickened Mr. Gladstone's
progress in liberal doctrines in our own affairs at home. In 1863[385]
Lord Palmerston himself, in spite of that national aversion to anything
like giving up, of which he was himself the most formidable
representative, cheerfully handed the Ionians over to their kinsfolk, if
kinsfolk they truly were, upon the mainland.[386]

FOOTNOTES:

[375] Virg. _Aen._ iv. 344.

[376] See Sir C. Napier's _The Colonies: treating of their value
generally and of the Ionian Islands in particular._

[377] _Parliamentary Papers, relative to the mission of the Right Hon.
W. E. Gladstone to the Ionian Islands in 1858._ Presented in 1861.
Finlay's _History of Greece_, vii. p. 305, etc. _Letters by Lord Charles
Fitzroy, etc., showing the anomalous political and financial Position of
the Ionian Islands._ (Ridgway, 1850.) _Le Gouvernement des Iles
Ioniennes._ Lettre a Lord John Russell, par Francois Lenormant. (Paris,
Amyot, 1861.) _The Ionian Islands in relation to Greece._ By John Dunn
Gardner, Esqr., 1859. _Four years in the Ionian Islands._ By
Whittingham. Pamphlet by S. G. Potter, D.D. See also _Gleanings_, iv. p.
287.

[378] This and his alleged attendance at mass, and compliance with
sundry other rites, were often heard of in later times, and even so late
as 1879 Mr. Gladstone was subjected to some rude baiting from doctors of
divinity and others.

[379] Finlay, _History of Greece_, vii. p. 306, blames both Bulwer and
Mr. Gladstone because they 'directed their attention to the means of
applying sound theories of government to a state of things where a
change in the social relations of the inhabitants and modifications in
the tenure and rights of property were the real evils that required
remedy, and over these the British government could exercise very little
influence if opposed by the Ionian representatives.' But is not this to
say that the real remedy was unattainable without political reform?

[380] May 7, 1861. _Hans._ 3rd Ser. 162, p. 1687. The salaries of the
deputies struck him as especially excessive, and on the same occasion he
let fall the _obiter dictum_; 'For my part I trust that of all the
changes that may in the course of generations be made in the
constitution of this country, the very last and latest will be the
payment of members of this House.'

[381] On Feb. 7, the secretary of the treasury moved the writ, and the