dj, as _j_ in _judge_.

tc, as _ch_ in _church_. See c.

tc', an exploded tc.

{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}, a medial tc, a sonant-surd.

ts', an exploded ts.

{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}s, a medial ts, a sonant-surd.

ai, as in _aisle_.

au, as _ow_ in _how_.

yu, as _u_ in _tune_, or _ew_ in _few_.

The following have the ordinary English sounds: b, d, h, k, l, m, n, p, r,
s, t, w, y, and z. A superior n (n) after a vowel (compare the Dakota n)
has the sound of the French n in _bon_, _vin_, etc. A plus sign (+) after
any letter prolongs it.

The vowels 'a, 'e, 'i, 'o, 'u, and their modifications are styled
initially exploded vowels for want of a better appellation, there being in
each case an initial explosion. These vowels are approximately or
partially pectoral sounds found in the Siouan languages and also in some
of the languages of western Oregon and in the language of the Hawaiian
islands.

CONTENTS

GENERAL FEATURES OF ORGANIZATION
THE DAKOTA TRIBES
DESIGNATION AND MODE OF CAMPING
THE MDEWAKANTONWAN
THE WAQPE-KUTE
THE WAQPE-TONWAN OR WAHPETON
THE SISITONWAN OR SISSETON
THE IHANKTONWAN OR YANKTON
THE IHANKTONWANNA OR YANKTONAI
THE TITONWAN OR TETON
TRIBAL DIVISIONS
THE SITCANXU
THE ITAZIPTCO
THE SIHA-SAPA OR BLACKFEET
THE MINIKOOJU
THE OOHE-NONPA OR TWO KETTLES
THE OGLALA
THE HUNKPAPA
DAKOTA SOCIAL CUSTOMS
THE ASINIBOIN
THE OMAHA
THE PONKA
THE QUAPAW OR KWAPA
THE KANZE OR KANSA
THE OSAGE
THE IOWA
THE OTO
THE NI-U'-T'A-TCI OR MISSOURI
THE HOTCANGARA OR WINNEBAGO
THE MANDAN
THE HIDATSA
THE CROW OR ABSAROKA
THE BILOXI
THE TUTELO
THE CATAWBA

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. 30.--Sisseton and Wahpeton camping circle.
FIG. 31.--Sisseton camping circle.
FIG. 32.--Sitcanxu camping circle.
FIG. 33.--Oglala camping circle.
FIG. 34.--Omaha camping circle.
FIG. 35.--Inke-sabe gentile assembly. A, The Wacigije, Maze or Whorl, or
Wagnbe-gaxe-aka, He-who-acts-mysteriously. B, The Watanzi-jide-cataji,
Those-who-eat-no-red-corn.
FIG. 36.--Ponka camping circle.
FIG. 37.--Kansa camping circle.
FIG. 38.--Osage camping circle.

SIOUAN SOCIOLOGY

BY JAMES OWEN DORSEY

GENERAL FEATURES OF ORGANIZATION

In the study of the organization of societies, units of different orders
are discovered. Among the tribes of the Siouan family the primary unit i