heir
equivalents in the calendars of the Peruvians, Mexicans, and Mayas. *

* See S. Hagar, "The Bearing of Astronomy on the Problems of the
Unity or Plurality and the Probable Place of Origin of the American
Aborigines, in American Anthropologist," vol. XIV (1912), pp. 43-48.

Sign English Peruvian Mexican Maya
--------------------------------------------------------
Aries Ram Llama Flayer --

Taurus Bull (originally Stag)
Stag Stag or Deer Stag

Gemini Twins Man and Woman Twins Two Generals

Cancer Crab Cuttlefish Cuttlefish Cuttlefish

Leo Lion Puma Ocelot Ocelot

Virgo Virgin (Mother Goddess of Cereals)
Maize Mother Maize Mother Maize Mother

Libra Scales (originally part of Scorpio)
Forks Scorpion Scorpion

Scorpio Scorpion Mummy Scorpion Scorpion

Sagittarius Bowman Arrows or Spears
Hunter and War God Hunter and War God

Capricornus Sea Goat Beard Bearded God --

Aquarius Water Pourer Water Water Water

Pisces Fishes(and Knot) Knot Twisted Reeds --

Notice how closely these lists are alike. The ram does not appear in
America because no such animal was known there. The nearest substitute
was the llama. In the Old World the second constellation is now called
the bull, but curiously enough in earlier days it was called the stag in
Mesopotamia. The twins, instead of being Castor and Pollux, may equally
well be a man and a woman or two generals. To landsmen not familiar
with creatures of the deep, the crab and the cuttlefish would not seem
greatly different. The lion is unknown in America, but the creature
which most nearly takes his place is the puma or ocelot. So it goes with
all the signs of the zodiac. There are little differences between
the Old World and the New, but they only emphasize the resemblance.
Mathematically there is not one chance in thousands or even millions
that such a resemblance could grow up by accident. Other similarities
between ceremonies or religious words in the Old World and the New might
be pointed out, but the zodiac is illustration enough.

Such resemblances, however, do not indicate a permanent con