e "Chambers of the South"--_Mazzaloth_--The
Solar and Lunar Zodiacs--_Mazzaroth_ in his Season 243

CHAPTER IX. ARCTURUS

_`Ash_ and _`Ayish_--Uncertainty as to their Identification--
Probably the Great Bear--_Mezarim_--Probably another Name for the
Bears--"Canst thou guide the Bear?"--Proper Motions of the
Plough-stars--Estimated Distance 258

BOOK III

TIMES AND SEASONS

CHAPTER I. THE DAY AND ITS DIVISIONS

Rotation Period of Venus--Difficulty of the Time Problem on
Venus--The Sun and Stars as Time Measurers--The apparent Solar
Day the First in Use--It began at Sunset--Subdivisions of the Day
Interval--Between the Two Evenings--The Watches of the Night--The
12-hour Day and the 24-hour Day 269

CHAPTER II. THE SABBATH AND THE WEEK

The Week not an Astronomical Period--Different Weeks employed
by the Ancients--Four Origins assigned for the Week--The
Quarter-month--The Babylonian System--The Babylonian Sabbath not
a Rest Day--The Jewish Sabbath amongst the Romans--Alleged
Astrological Origin of the Week--Origin of the Week given in the
Bible 283

CHAPTER III. THE MONTH

The New Moon a Holy Day with the Hebrews--The Full Moons at the
Two Equinoxes also Holy Days--The Beginnings of the Months
determined from actual Observation--Rule for finding Easter--Names
of the Jewish Months--Phoenician and Babylonian Month Names--
Number of Days in the Month--Babylonian Dead Reckoning--Present
Jewish Calendar 293

CHAPTER IV. THE YEAR

The Jewish Year a Luni-solar one--Need for an Intercalary
Month--The Metonic Cycle--The Sidereal and Tropical Years--The
Hebrew a Tropical Year--Beginning near the Spring Equinox--Meaning
of "the End of the Year"--Early Babylonian Method of determining
the First Month--Capella as the Indicator Star--The Triad of
Stars--The Tropical Year in the Deluge Story 305

CHAPTER V. THE SABBATIC YEAR AND THE JUBILEE

Law of the Sabbatic Year--A Year of Rest and Release--The
Jubilee--Difficulties connected with the Sabbatic Year and the
Jubilee--The Sabbatic Year, an Agricultural one--Interval between
the Jubilees, Forty-nine Years, not Fifty--Forty-nine Years an
Astronomical Cycle