e taken. An erroneous indication may
otherwise be caused by a change of temperature and density of the water
within the column and connecting pipe.]

[Footnote 66: Do not blow down the water-glass column for at least one
hour before these readings are taken. An erroneous indication may
otherwise be caused by a change of temperature and density of the water
within the column and connecting pipe.]

[Footnote 67: For calculations relating to quality of steam, see page
129.]

[Footnote 68: Where the coal is very moist, a portion of the moisture
will cling to the walls of the jar, and in such case the jar and fuel
together should be dried out in determining the total moisture.]

[Footnote 69: Say 1/2 ounce to 2 ounces.]

[Footnote 70: For methods of analysis, see page 176.]

[Footnote 71: For suggestions relative to Smoke Observations, see
A. S. M. E. Code of 1912, Appendix 16 and 17.]

[Footnote 72: The term "as fired" means actual condition including
moisture, corrected for estimated difference in weight of coal on the
grate at beginning and end.]

[Footnote 73: Corrected for inequality of water level and steam pressure
at beginning and end.]

[Footnote 74: See Transactions, A. S. M. E., Volume XXXIII, 1912.]

[Footnote 75: For methods of determining, see Technologic Paper No. 7,
Bureau of Standards, page 44.]

[Footnote 76: Often called extra heavy pipe.]

[Footnote 77: See Feed Piping, page 312.]

[Footnote 78: See Superheat Chapter, page 145.]

[Footnote 79: See Radiation from Steam Lines, page 314.]

[Footnote 80: D, the density, is taken as the mean of the density at the
initial and final pressures.]

[Footnote 81: Diameters up to 5 inches, inclusive, are _actual_
diameters of standard pipe, see Table 62, page 308.]

[Footnote 82: Diameters up to 4 inches, inclusive, are _actual_ internal
diameters, see Table 62, page 308.]

[Footnote 83: H. P. Jordan, "Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical
Engineers", 1909.]

[Footnote 84: "Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieur", 1909, page
1750.]

[Footnote 85: Heinrich Grober--Zeit. d. Ver. Ing., March 1912, December
1912. Leprince-Ringuet--Revue de Mecanique. July 1911. John Perry--"The
Steam Engine". T. E. Stanton--Philosophical Transactions, 1897. Dr.
J. T. Nicholson--Proceedings Institute of Engineers & Shipbuilders in
Scotland, 1910. W. E. Dally--Proceedings Institute of Mechanical
Engineers, 1909.]

[Footnote 86: Proceedings Royal Socie