n
consulted by the rescue of the whole of the prisoners; and, after a
series of victories, the Governor-General of India is free, without
discredit, to enter upon measures of internal improvement, and having
established the supremacy of British power, to carry on henceforth a
more pacific policy.

In China a termination has been put to the effusion of blood by the
signature of a treaty which has placed your Majesty's dominions on a
footing never recognised in favour of any foreign Power--a footing
of perfect equality with the Chinese Empire; which has obtained large
indemnity for the past, and ample security for the future, and which
has opened to British enterprise the commerce of China to an extent
which it is almost impossible to anticipate. It may interest your
Majesty to hear that already enquiries are made in the City for
superintendents of ships to trade to _Ningpo direct_.

Lord Stanley has taken upon himself to give orders in your Majesty's
name for firing the Park and Tower guns in honour of these glorious
successes. A _Gazette_ extraordinary will be published to-morrow, the
voluminous nature of the despatches rendering it necessary to take
some time lest an important despatch should be omitted.

All which is humbly submitted by your Majesty's most dutiful Servant
and Subject,

STANLEY.

[Footnote 107: Chapoo was taken by Sir Hugh Gough in May: in
June the squadron, under Admiral William Parker, entered the
waters of the Yang-tze, captured Chin-kiang-fu, and were about
to attack Nanking, when the treaty was concluded, embracing
among other things a payment by the Chinese of 21,000,000
dollars, the cession of Hong Kong, and the opening of the
ports of Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, and Shanghai.]

[Pageheading: VICTORIES IN AFGHANISTAN]

_Lord Fitzgerald and Vesci to Queen Victoria._

INDIA BOARD, _23rd November 1842._[108]

Lord Fitzgerald, with his most humble duty to your Majesty, begs leave
most humbly to inform your Majesty that the despatches received from
the Governor-General of India announce the results of a series of most
brilliant exploits by the armies under Major-General Nott and General
Pollock in Afghanistan.

Each of those armies has achieved a glorious victory over superior
numbers of the enemy.

The city of Ghuznee has been captured, and its formidable fortress
utterly razed and destroyed.

The survivors of the British garrison, which had ca