g, 1897, and Article
_Indulgenzen_ in PRE.3 IX, pp. 76 ff. (Eng. in Schaff-Herzog v.,
pp. 485-88); Gottlob, _Kreuzablass und Almosenablass_, Stuttgart,
1906 (especially valuable for the origin of indulgences).

On the indulgences and the XCV Theses, Koestlin, _Luther's
Theologie_, Leipzig, 1883 (Eng. Trans, by Hay, The Theology of
Luther, Philadelphia, 1897); Bratke, _Luther's XCV Thesen und
ihre dogmengeschictlichen Voraussetzungen_, Gottingen, 1884;
Dieckboff, _Der Ablassstreit dogmengeschichtlich dargestellt_,
Gotha, 1886; Lindsay, _History of the Reformation_, I, New York,
1906; Tschackert, _Entstehung der lutherischen und reformierten
Kirchenlehre_, Gottingen, 1910.

On the financial aspects of the indulgence-traffic, Schulte, _Die
Fugger in Rom_, 2 vols., Leipzig, 1904.

CHARLES M. JACOBS.
Allentown, PA.

FOOTNOTES

[1] _Disputato pro declaratione virutis indulgentiarum_.

[2] Luther says, _Apud nostros et propter nostros editae aunt_.
_Weimar Ed_., I. 528. On the whole subject see Letters to Staupitz
and the Pope, below.

[3] Cf. _Weimar Ed._, I, 229.

[4] The Church of All Saints at Wittenberg was the repository of
the great collection of relics which Frederick the Wise had
gathered. A catalogue of the collection, with illustrations by
Lucas Cranach, was published in 1509. The collection contained
5005 sacred objects, including a bit of the crown of thorns and
some of the Virgin Mother's milk. Adoration of these relics on
All Saints' Day (Nov. 1st) was rewarded with indulgence for more
than 500,000 years. So, Vol Bezold, _Die deutsche Reformation_
(1890), p. 100; see also Barge, _Karlstadt_, I, 39ff.

[5] Luther had preached a sermon warning against the danger of
indulgences on the Eve of All Saints (1516). See below.

[6] See below, Letter to Leo X.

[7] _Weimar Ed._, I, 230.

[8] The Address to the Christian Nobility and the Babylonian
Captivity of the Church.

[9] Introduction to the Complete Works (1545); above p.10.

[10] See Letter to Staupitz, below.

[11] See Letter to Leo X, below.

[12] Cf. Gottlob, _Kreuzablass und Almosenblass_, p. I.

[13] See Theses 5, 8, 85.

[14] _Non solam plenam et largiorem, imo plenissimam omnium
suorum concedemus et concedimus veniam peccatorum_. Mirbt,
_Quellen_, 2d ed., No. 243.

[15] This custom of putting the Jubilee-indulgences on sale seems
to date from the year 1390. Cf. Lea, _Hist. of Conf. and
Indulg._, III, 206.

No mention is