mitive society. The more unlike as to industrial pursuits, the more
variety in the tastes and wants of the people of different sections, the
more dependent may these different sections become upon each other; and
with facilities for intercourse, the more intimately do they become
related. Unity develops itself through the specialization of parts and
functions. This specializing process, as in the gradual formation of the
vital organs in fetal development, is the very creation of unlikeness;
and unity is the mutual dependence and necessary cooeperation of these
dissimilar organs. The more diversity the more complete the unity. It is
antagonism--a very different thing--that does the mischief. It is not
desirable that a people should be homogeneous; that would be a falling
back into barbarous conditions. Unity demands that the people shall be
heterogeneous and diversified, with heterogeneous and diversified
occupations, tastes, and habits; and then, with proper facilities for
mental intercommunication, travel, and transportation, they become a
cooeperative and coalescent people. It is coalescence we want, and not
homogeneity.

If such be the conditions of unity, then surely it is not to be feared,
because New England manufactures, the Middle States mine, the Western
States farm, and the Southern States plant, that, therefore, they must
needs be under separate and distinct governments. This very
dissimilarity of soil, climate, occupation, and production enables the
sections to contribute to each other's welfare, and is a condition of
their unity. The heart, liver, lungs, stomach, brain, and nerves cannot
dispense with each other in the vital economy; it is the very dependence
of one special part upon another through the channels of circulation,
that renders the superior animal organism so completely a unit. It
cannot be repeated too often that it is not sameness of function, but
heterogeneity of function, that unity requires. Hence, through the
specialization of industries--one kind of manufactures here, and another
there; mining in one locality, and farming in another; the growing of a
certain product in one section, and the growing of a different product
in a different section--all these, together with, the increasing
facilities for correspondence and transportation, are preparing society
for larger, more complete, and inevitable unity.

There need be no fear of confirmed hostility of feeling between the
North and South