e would bring the influence of France to bear on England to
force her to concede terms to Ireland.

CAVANAGH, JOHN.--President of the Fitzgerald Confederate Club, Harold's
Cross, Dublin. Wounded at Ballingarry, he was brought to Kilkenny, where
he was concealed and cured by Dr. Cane, and later smuggled to France,
whence he proceeded to the United States, became an officer in the army
and was slain in the Civil War.

"CHRISTABEL" (1815-1881).--Miss M'Carthy, of Kilfademore House, Kenmare,
afterwards Mrs. Downing. A Popular poetess of the period, usually using
the _nom-de-guerre_ of "Christabel." Her best-known poem is "The Grave
of MacCaura." She assisted Doheny and Stephens to escape.

CLARENDON, EARL OF (1804-1870).--George Villiers, the fourth earl,
according to his English biographers, represented the highest type of
English politician and English gentleman. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,
1846-1852. He hired the editor of an obscene journal in Dublin to
publish libels upon the moral character of the Young Irelanders, and
conducted the affairs of the country from March to June, 1848, under
this man's advice. He paid L3,400 for the services rendered and a demand
for further payments led to a public disclosure of the facts. At the
time Clarendon hired James Birch, Birch had completed a sentence of
imprisonment for criminal libel.

CLEMENTS, EDWARD.--A barrister. One of O'Connell's "tail" in
Conciliation Hall. The attempt of O'Connell to provide "poor Ned
Clements" with a Government situation precipitated the rupture with
Young Ireland.

CONWAY, M.G.--A journalist of ability and no principle who followed the
path of fortune. He professed ultra-Catholic views while O'Connell was
in the ascendant. After O'Connell's death he abjured Catholicism to
ingratiate himself with the Ascendancy element.

CRAMPTON, JUDGE (17-- -1858).--Philip Crampton, called to the Bar 1810,
Solicitor-General 1832, and raised to the Bench 1834. One of the judges
at O'Connell's trial, a strong Tory but a clever lawyer.

CREAN, MICHAEL.--Like M.G. Conway, a Clare man, but of the opposite
type. Crean worked in Dublin as a shopman and with Hollywood was one of
the two trades-union leaders on the Council of the Confederation, where
he opposed Mitchel's policy. After the failure of the insurrection he
went to the United States.

CROLLY, DR. (1780-1849).--Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All
Ireland from 1835 until his death.

DAUNT, W.J. O'NEIL