caffold
on which private executions took place. It has been specially paved by
the orders of Her late Majesty. The following persons are known to have
been executed on this spot:--

1. Queen Anne Boleyn, second wife of Henry VIII, 19th May, 1536.

2. Margaret Countess of Salisbury, the last of the old Angevin or
Plantagenet family, 27th May, 1541.

3. Queen Katharine Howard, fifth wife of Henry VIII, 13th February,
1542.

4. Jane Viscountess Rochford, 13th February, 1542.

5. Lady Jane (Grey), wife of Lord Guildford Dudley, 12th February, 1554.

6. Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, 25th February, 1601.

They were all beheaded with an axe except Queen Anne Boleyn, whose head
was cut off with a sword by the executioner of St. Omer, brought over
for the purpose. The executioner of the Earl of Essex was not able to do
his work with less than three strokes, and was mobbed and beaten by the
populace on his way home. The bodies of all six were buried in the
Chapel of St. Peter.

Lord Hastings was also beheaded on Tower Green by order of the Duke of
Gloucester in 1483.

_The Beauchamp Tower_

is on the west side of Tower Green, facing the White Tower, and is on
the inner wall between the Bell Tower on the south and the Devereux
Tower on the north, being connected with both by a walk along the
parapet. Its present name probably refers to the residence in it as a
prisoner of Thomas, third Earl of Warwick, of the Beauchamp family, who
was attainted under Richard II in 1397, but restored to his honours and
liberty two years later under Henry IV. It is curious that the most
interesting associations of the place should be connected with his
successors in the earldom. Although built entirely for defensive
purposes, we find it thus early used as a prison, and during the two
following centuries it seems to have been regarded as one of the
most convenient places in which to lodge prisoners of rank, and in
consequence many of the most interesting mural inscriptions are to
be found in its chambers.

In plan the Beauchamp Tower is semicircular, and it projects eighteen
feet beyond the face of the wall. It consists of three storeys, of which
the middle one is on a level with the rampart, on which it formerly
opened. The whole building dates from the reign of Edward III. We enter
at the south-east corner and ascend by a circular staircase to the
middle chamber, which is spacious and has a large window, with a
fire-place. Here a