ruary 1997

Spain
approved by legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum
6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978

Sri Lanka
adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978

Sudan
constitution implemented on 30 June 1998, partially suspended
12 December 1999 by President BASHIR; under the CPA, Interim
National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005; Constitution of Southern
Sudan signed December 2005

Suriname
ratified 30 September 1987; effective 30 October 1987

Swaziland
signed by the King in July 2005 went into effect on 8
February 2006

Sweden
1 January 1975

Switzerland
revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal
Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999,
officially entered into force 1 January 2000

Syria
13 March 1973

Taiwan
25 December 1947; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000,
2005
note: constitution adopted on 25 December 1946; went into effect on
25 December 1947

Tajikistan
6 November 1994

Tanzania
25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

Thailand
constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON (BHUMIBOL) on 24
August 2007

Timor-Leste
22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)

Togo
multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the
Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Tokelau
administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended
in 1970

Tonga
4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967

Trinidad and Tobago
1 August 1976

Tunisia
1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002

Turkey
7 November 1982

Turkmenistan
adopted 18 May 1992

Turks and Caicos Islands
Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order
2006 (effective 9 August 2006)

Tuvalu
1 October 1978

Uganda
8 October 1995; in 2005 the constitution was amended removing
presidential term limits and legalizing a multiparty political system

Ukraine
adopted 28 June 1996

United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996

United Kingdom
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and
practice

United States
17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789

Uruguay
27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967; suspended 27
June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980;
two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989
and 7 January 1997

Uzbekistan
adopted 8 December 1992