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@San Marino

Introduction
San Marino

Background:

The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco),
San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According
to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus
in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of
Italy; social and political trends in the republic also track
closely with those of its larger neighbor.

Geography
San Marino

Location:

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Geographic coordinates:

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Map references:

Europe

Area:

total: 61.2 sq km
land: 61.2 sq km
water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative:

about one third times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

total: 39 km
border countries: Italy 39 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none (landlocked)

Climate:

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Terrain:

rugged mountains

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
highest point: Monte Titano 755 m

Natural resources:

building stone

Land use:

arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 83.33% (2005)

Irrigated land:

NA

Natural hazards:

NA

Environment - current issues:

NA

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution

Geography - note:

landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See
and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines

People
San Marino

Population:

29,973 (July 2008 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 16.8% (male 2,608/female 2,430)
15-64 years: 66% (male 9,464/female 10,304)
65 years and over: 17.2% (male 2,229/female 2,938) (2008 est.)

Median age:

total: 41.2 years
male: 40.9 years
female: 41.6 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.181% (2008 est.)

Birth rate:

9.74 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate:

8.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate:

10.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: