places and
Grates--Stoves--Hot-air Warming--Hot-water
Systems--Principles of Steam Heating.

IV. DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE 170

Refuse and Garbage--Discharge into
Waters--Cremation--Precipitation--Intermittent
Filtration--Immediate Disposal, etc.

V. SEWERS 182

Definition--Materials Used in Construction--Levels
of Trenches--Joints of Pipes--The Fall and Flow of
the Contents--Connections--Tide Valves--Sewer Gas.

VI. PLUMBING 189

Purposes and Requisites--Materials Used--Joints and
Connections--Construction of Traps--Siphonage and
Back Pressure--The Vent-pipe System.

VII. PLUMBING PIPES 206

Construction of House Drains--Fall, Position, and
Connection--Main Traps--Extension of Vertical
Pipes--Fresh-air Inlets--Soil and Waste
Pipes--Branch Pipes, etc.

VIII. PLUMBING FIXTURES 216

Sinks--Washbasins--Washtubs--Bathtubs--Refrigerators,
etc.--Safes and Wastes--Pan, Valve, and Hopper
Closets--Flush Tanks--Yard Closets--Drains.

IX. DEFECTS IN PLUMBING 231

Poor Work--Improper Conditions--How to Test Traps,
Joints, and Connections--Detect Sewer
Gas--Water-pressure, Smoke, and Scent Tests--Special
Appliances.

X. INFECTION AND DISINFECTION 238

Physical and Chemical Disinfectants--Use of Sulphur
Dioxide--Formaldehyde--Hydrocyanic
Acid--Chlorine--Carbolic Acid--Bichloride of
Mercury--Formalin--Potassium Permanganate, etc.

XI. COST OF CONVEYED HEATING SYSTEMS 254

Cost of Hot-air Systems--Cast-iron Hot-water
Heater--Advantages and Disadvantages--Cost for a
Ten-room House--Steam Heating--Cost of Equipment.

_The Editor's Preface_

The character and scope of this volume render it a most useful book
for the home maker. The question of sanitation is one that closely
affects the life of each individual, and many of its