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influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include
abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial
system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Hong Kong:
based on English common law

Howland Island:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Hungary:
rule of law based on Western model

Iceland:
civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

India:
based on English common law; limited judicial review of
legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations

Indonesia:
based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by
indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Iran:
the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government

Iraq:
based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law
system elsewhere; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Ireland:
based on English common law, substantially modified by
indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme
Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Israel:
mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations,
and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal
systems; in December 1985, Israel informed the UN Secretariat that
it would no longer accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Italy:
based on civil law system; appeals treated as new trials;
judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Jamaica:
based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction

Jan Mayen:
the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply

Japan:
modeled after European civil law system with English-American
influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Jarvis Island:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Jersey:
English law and local statute

Johnston Atoll:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Jordan:
based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of
legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Juan de Nova Island:
the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Kazakhstan:
based on civil law system

Kenya:
based on English co