by the National Council of the Judiciary)

Philippines:
Supreme Court (justices are appointed for four-year
terms by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar
Council)

Pitcairn Islands:
Island Court (island magistrate presides over the
court and is elected every three years)

Poland:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an
indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by
the Sejm for nine-year terms)

Portugal:
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges
appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Puerto Rico:
Supreme Court; Superior Courts; Municipal Courts
(justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the
consent of the Senate)

Qatar:
Court of Appeal

Reunion:
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Romania:
Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of
Magistrates)

Russia:
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of
Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Rwanda:
Supreme Court; communal courts; appeals courts

Saint Helena:
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court;
Juvenile Court

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on
Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts
and Nevis)

Saint Lucia:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends
to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands,
Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal
Superieur d'Appel

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
(based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Samoa:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

San Marino:
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Sao Tome and Principe:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the
National Assembly)

Saudi Arabia:
Supreme Council of Justice

Senegal:
Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final
Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note-the judicial
system was re