and in the Persian Gulf claimed by the UAE (called Abu
Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran) -
over which Iran has taken steps to exert unilateral control since
1992, including access restrictions and a military build-up on the
island; the UAE has garnered significant diplomatic support in the
region in protesting these Iranian actions; Caspian Sea boundaries
are not yet determined among Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia,
and Turkmenistan

Iraq:
Iran and Iraq restored diplomatic relations in 1990 but are
still trying to work out written agreements settling outstanding
disputes from their eight-year war concerning border demarcation,
prisoners-of-war, and freedom of navigation and sovereignty over the
Shatt al Arab waterway; in November 1994, Iraq formally accepted the
UN-demarcated border with Kuwait which had been spelled out in
Security Council Resolutions 687 (1991), 773 (1993), and 883 (1993);
this formally ends earlier claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and
Warbah islands although the government continues periodic rhetorical
challenges; dispute over water development plans by Turkey for the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers

Ireland:
Northern Ireland issue with the UK (historic peace
agreement signed 10 April 1998); disputes with Iceland, Denmark, and
the UK over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200
NM

Israel:
West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current
status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement -
permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Golan
Heights is Israeli-occupied (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of
Golan Heights)

Italy:
Croatia and Italy made progress toward resolving a bilateral
issue dating from World War II over property and ethnic minority
rights

Jamaica:
none

Jan Mayen:
none

Japan:
islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan, and the Habomai
group occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by
Russia, claimed by Japan; Liancourt Rocks (Takeshima/Tokdo) disputed
with South Korea; Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands) claimed by China
and Taiwan

Jarvis Island:
none

Jersey:
none

Johnston Atoll:
none

Jordan:
none

Juan de Nova Island:
claimed by Madagascar

Kazakhstan:
Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined among
Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan