e

dual gauge: 237 km NA-m gauges (three rails) (1998)

Highways: total: 93,300 km

paved: 23,418 km

unpaved: 69,882 km (1996)

Waterways: 17,702 km

note: more than 5,149 km are navigable at all times by vessels up
to 1.8 m draft

Pipelines: petroleum products 150 km

Ports and harbors: Cam Ranh, Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Ha
Long, Quy Nhon, Nha Trang, Vinh, Vung Tau

Merchant marine: total: 143 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
705,388 GRT/1,071,902 DWT

ships by type: bulk 8, cargo 108, chemical tanker 1, combination
bulk 1, container 2, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 18,
refrigerated cargo 3 (2000 est.)

Airports: 34 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways: total: 17

over 3,047 m: 8

2,438 to 3,047 m: 3

1,524 to 2,437 m: 4

under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 17

over 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 7

under 914 m: 8 (2000 est.)

Vietnam Military

Military branches: People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) (includes Ground
Forces, Navy, and Air Force), Coast Guard

Military manpower - military age: 17 years of age

Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 21,704,588 (2001
est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49:
13,673,438 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 961,124
(2001 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure: $650 million (FY98)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2.5% (FY98)

Vietnam Transnational Issues

Disputes - international: maritime boundary with Cambodia not
defined; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with
China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and possibly Brunei; maritime
boundary agreement with China in the Gulf of Tonkin awaits
ratification; Paracel Islands occupied by China but claimed by
Vietnam and Taiwan; portions of boundary with Cambodia are in
dispute; agreement on land border with China was signed in December
1999, but details of alignment have not yet been made public

Illicit drugs: minor producer of opium poppy with 2,100 hectares
cultivated in 1999, capable of producing 11 metric tons of opium;
probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin;
opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems

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@Virgin Islands

Virgin Islands Introduction

Background: Durin