n (1999 est.)

Labor force - by occupation: industry 33.4%, agriculture 2.8%,
services 63.8% (1999)

Unemployment rate: 9.9% (2000 est.)

Budget: revenues: $996 billion

expenditures: $1.036 trillion, including capital expenditures of
$NA (1999 est.)

Industries: among the world's largest and most technologically
advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals,
machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages;
shipbuilding; textiles

Industrial production growth rate: 4.7% (2000)

Electricity - production: 531.377 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 63.29%

hydro: 3.59%

nuclear: 30.3%

other: 2.82% (1999)

Electricity - consumption: 495.181 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports: 39.5 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports: 40.5 billion kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products: potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit,
cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry

Exports: $578 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Exports - commodities: machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and
manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles

Exports - partners: EU 55.3% (France 11.3%, UK 8.3%, Italy 7.3%,
Netherlands 6.3%, Belgium/Luxembourg 5.1%), US 10.1%, Japan 2.0%
(1999)

Imports: $505 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Imports - commodities: machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs,
textiles, metals

Imports - partners: EU 52.2% (France 10.5%, Netherlands 7.6%, Italy
7.4%, UK 6.9%, Belgium/Luxembourg 5.6%), US 8.1%, Japan 4.9% (1999)

Debt - external: $NA

Economic aid - donor: ODA, $5.6 billion (1998)

Currency: deutsche mark (DEM); euro (EUR)

note: on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common
currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Germany
at a fixed rate of 1.95583 deutsche marks per euro and will replace
the local currency for all transactions in 2002

Currency code: DEM; EUR

Exchange rates: euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854
(2000), 0.9386 (1999); deutsche marks per US dollar - 1.69 (January
1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997), 1.5048 (1996)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Germany Communications

Telephones - main lines in use: 45.2 million (1997)

note: 46.5 million main lines were installed by yearend 1998

Telephones - mobile cellular: 15.318 million (April 1999)

Telephone system: general assessment: Germany has one of the
world's most technologically advanced telecommunications sy