ather-cases, wherein they put flasquera's with snow to refrigerate
their wine. This tree has beneath the _cortex_ or cork, two other coats,
or _libri_, of which one is reddish, which they strip from the hole when
'tis fell'd only; and this bears good price with the tanner; The rest of
the wood is very good firing, and applicable to many other uses of
building, palisade-work, &c. The ashes drunk, stop the bloody-flux.

3. _Ilex_, _major glandifera_, or great scarlet-oak of several species,
and various in the shape of their leaf, pointed rounder, longer, &c. (a
devoted tree of old, and therefore _incaedua_) thrives manifestly with
us; witness His Majesty's privy-garden at White-hall, where once
flourish'd a goodly tree, of more than fourscore years growth, and there
was lately a sickly imp of it remaining: And now very many rais'd by me,
have thriv'd wonderfully, braving the most severe Winters, planted
either in standards or hedges, which they most beautifully become. The
only difficulty is in their being dextrously removed out of the nursery,
with the mould adhering to the roots; otherwise apt to miscarry; and
therefore best trusting to the acorn for a goodly standard, and that may
be removed without prejudice, tryals should be made by graffing the
_ilex_ in the oak-stock, taken out of our woods, or better, grown from
the acorn to the bigness of one's little finger.

4. By what I have touch'd in the chapter of the elms, concerning the
peregrination of that tree into Spain, (where even in Pliny's time there
were none, and where now they are in great abundance) why should we not
more generally endeavour to propagate the _ilex_ amongst us; I mean,
that which the Spaniards call the _enzina_, and of which they have such
woods, and profitable plantations? They are an hardy sort of tree, and
familiarly rais'd from the acorn, if we could have them sound, and well
put up in earth or sand, as I have found by experience.

5. The wood of these _ilex's_ is serviceable for many uses, as stocks of
tools, mallet-heads, mall-balls, chairs, axletrees, wedges, beetles,
pins, and above all, for palisadoes us'd in fortifications. Besides, it
affords so good fuel, that it supplies all Spain almost with the best,
and most lasting of charcoals, in vast abundance. Of the first kind is
made the painter's lac, extracted from the berries; to speak nothing of
that noble confection _alkermes_, and that noble scarlet-die the learned
Mr. Ray gives us