less
value than they received. The subject of bank notes and paper money,
however, is too difficult for us to pursue in this Primer.

CHAPTER XIII.

CREDIT AND BANKING.

#83. What Credit means.# It is very important for those who would learn
political economy to understand exactly what is meant by #credit#. John
is said to give credit to Thomas when John leaves some of his property
in the use of Thomas, expecting to have it returned at a future time. In
short, any one who lends a thing #gives credit#, and he who borrows it
#receives credit#. The word #credit# means #belief#, and John believes
that he will get back his property from Thomas, though this,
unfortunately, does not always prove to be the case. John is called the
#creditor#, and Thomas the #debtor#.

It is not common, indeed, to speak of credit in the case of most
articles: when a man borrows a horse, a book, a house, an engine, or
other common article, and pays for its use, he is said to #hire# it, and
what he pays for the use is called the hire, fare, or rent. In some
countries, where coins are not yet used, people lend and borrow corn,
oil, wine, rice, or any common commodity which all like to possess. In
the parts of Africa where palm oil is produced in great quantities,
people give and take credit in oil. But in all civilised countries it
has become the practice to borrow and lend money. If a man needs an
engine, and has nothing to buy it with, he goes and borrows money enough
from the person who will lend it on the lowest terms, and then he buys
the engine where he can get it most cheaply. Frequently, indeed, the man
who sells the engine will give credit for its price, that is, will lend
the sum of money to the buyer, just sufficient to enable him to buy it.

Credit is a very important thing, because, when properly employed, #it
enables property to be put into the hands of those who will make# the
#best use of it#. Many people have property but are unable to go into
business, as is the case with women, children, old men, invalids, &c.
Rich people perhaps have so much property that they do not care to
trouble themselves with business, if they can get others to take the
trouble for them. Even those who are engaged in business often have sums
of money which they do not immediately want to use, and which they are
willing to lend for a short time. On the other hand, there are many
clever active men, who could do a great deal of work in establish