oad fares cost another $800,000, training expenses $125,000, and
there is required possibly $500,000 additional for incidentals.

When it is remembered that there are upward of thirty-five other leagues
working under the National Agreement, as well as many independent
organizations, and that the figures given are for the major leagues alone,
it will be seen that baseball in America is a tremendous institution.

ALL KINDS OF THINGS.

A New Side-Light on the Problem of Flight--The Legal Aspect
of a Woman's Tongue--A Town That is Chess-Mad--Revolutionary
Heroes in the Scales--Daredevil Days of Steamboating on the
Mississippi--Whittier's First and Last Love-Affair--With
Other Interesting Items Drawn From Various Sources.

_Compiled and edited for_ THE SCRAP BOOK.

STUDYING FLIGHT LAWS IN THE LABORATORY.

DR. ZAHM'S EXPERIMENTAL TUNNEL

Method Employed in Washington to Discover
Effects of Air Friction on
Flying Models.

Scientific study of flight has been conducted with gratifying success at
the Catholic University, Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. Albert F.
Zahm has for two years been experimenting with a tunnel six feet square
and forty feet long, through which air can be forced by a five-foot fan at
one end. Models placed in this air-current encounter the same conditions
as if they were flying in the free air, and they can be advantageously
observed at leisure. The air resistance of different models is accurately
determined.

B.R. Winslow tells in the _Technical World_ of a revolutionary discovery
made in this tunnel:

One of the first things that the experiments in the tunnel
did was to upset a long-cherished belief among aeronauts
that skin friction of the air on a body passing through it
was practically a negligible quantity. As a matter of fact,
the action of air was proved to be almost identical with
that of water, roughly speaking, being in direct proportion
to the density of the two elements.

The current theory had been that the sharper the cylinder
the easier it would cut through the air, and nothing was
thought of the skin friction. It was found by experiment in
the wind tunnel that as the sphere was reduced to a
sharp-pointed cylinder, the air resistance rapidly
diminished to a certain point. Then it rose again as the
length of the cylinder was increased. Twelve to one as the
proportion between l